PUBLICATIONS

Exodus of Hutu refugees to Rwanda photo by Getty images

Conflict, Sovereignty, and Resource Control: Rethinking Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo-Rwanda Crisis

Conflict, Sovereignty, and Resource Control: Rethinking Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda Crisis Exodus of Hutu refugees to Rwanda photo by Getty images Author: Iniobong Inyang, Research Analyst, Foreign Policy and Diaspora Studies Lab   THE ISSUE The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) continues to face a complex crisis driven by foreign

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Source: Militant training: Sahara-Sahel, BBC.

BACKGROUNDER: The Expansion of Al-Qaeda in the Sahara-Sahel

BACKGROUNDER: The Expansion of Al-Qaeda in the Sahara-Sahel Source: Militant training: Sahara-Sahel, BBC. Author: Dr. Robin HardySenior Vice President of Global research and Policy Development, Africa Center for Strategy and Policy In little more than a decade, a number of terrorist attacks in the Sahara-Sahel are attributed to and/or associated with al-Qaeda such as:  al-Qaeda

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30th African Union Summit Addis Ababa, 29 January 2018

Exploring the potential political – economic impact of renewed global superpower rivalries on African countries and African regional institutions

The great powers’ competition for influence on the African continent is an undeniable geopolitical reality. By 2050, a quarter of the world’s population will be African, and the continent’s youthful and growing labor force—the largest in the world by that point—will stand in stark contrast to the aging populations of other regions. Human capital and natural resources will increasingly become the most important features of Africa’s global profile. As a result, a significant power struggle has emerged in the 21st century among the great powers, particularly the United States, China, and Russia, for influence across the African continent. This great power struggle for hegemony on the continent is focused on gaining access to Africa’s plethora of natural resources, growing population, key maritime routes, and vast investment market.

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Map of Africa with Flags

Arms for Ores: Trump’s Foreign Policy in African Security Dilemmas

Arms for Ores: Trump’s Foreign Policy in African Security Dilemmas   Image created by ChaptGPT. Four flags (United States, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Niger, Democratic Republic of the Congo) pictured in front of the African continent. April 21, 2025 Sophia Wittemyer, Assistant Editorswittemyer@acstrap.com   This article analyzes Donald Trump’s first and current administration’s foreign policy

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The Politics of Dual Citizenship and the African Diaspora: How Political is Dual Citizenship?

The Politics of Dual Citizenship and the African Diaspora: How Political is Dual Citizenship? Person holding Italian, South African, and Malawian passports. iStock photo by People Images. Allen Tavazia, Research AnalystAshley Onwuzuruike, Research Analyst Million Samuel Gebre, Senior Researcher Nana Bruce-Amanquah, Lead Editor and Research Analyst Pandit Mami, Research Lead & Analyst Semawit Hagos, Research Analyst Taylor Widhalm, Research AnalystJared

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Sekgoma Memorial Hospital, Botswana

Social Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa and Colonial Institutional Legacies

Social Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa and Colonial Institutional Legacies Credit: Kikai, Bashi. “Sekgoma Memorial Hospital, Botswana.” iStock, 2024. Pandit Mami, Research Lead & Analyst, Foreign Policy & Diaspora Studies Policy Labpmami@acstrap.org   EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Through political science research, we now know how the colonial legacies in the Global South informed the origin and path dependency

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The Sudan Crisis: Addressing the Humanitarian Emergency in Darfur

The Sudan Crisis: Addressing the Humanitarian Emergency in Darfur  Source: United Nations, 2004. Sudan. Map No. 3707 Rev. 7. Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Cartographic Section. Dr. John Bosco Nizeimana, Senior Research Analyst, Leadership & Governance Policy Lab, Africa Center for Strategy and Policybnizeimana@africacfsp.org   1.1 Introduction Sudan has undergone significant upheaval since the ousting of

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The first group of Ethiopia National Defense Forces (ENDF) troops deployed under the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), arrive in Kismayo, Somalia

Agenda 2063 and the End of the First Ten-Year Implementation Plan

Ten years into its implementation, Agenda 2063 is already facing considerable challenges to its future success. Institutional weakness is seen across the African Union, Regional Economic Communities, and member states are seen as the root of the problem for the challenges the agenda faces. If action is not taken to address problems in Agenda 2063’s performance, the African Union’s credibility within the continent and across the globe will suffer. This report urges the AU to strategically allocate financial and human resources to Aspiration Three, a specific goal within Agenda 2063 which focuses on state capacity and effectiveness. This report further advocates for targeted goals and increased investment in research, integrating research teams into member states’ reporting, while also emphasizing a prudent evaluation of Agenda 2063 priorities for effective resource allocation.

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Cash-for-work programs help link remote Ugandan communities with markets (Courtesy USAID)

Consumer’s Technology Readiness and Adoption of Central Bank Digital Currency in Nigeria

The recent redesign of Nigeria’s currency, the Naira, resulted in cash shortages, significantly impacting consumers. Despite the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) efforts to promote the adoption of the e-Naira as a means for transactions, the digital currency did not achieve the anticipated success. This was attributed to consumers’ habits of utilising bank transfers and debit cards for transactions, rendering the adoption of digital currency less attractive than initially envisaged. Although the majority of Nigerian consumers possess smartphones and have reasonable internet accessibility, policymakers have overlooked their preparedness for integrating the e-Naira into their transactional practices. This study offered policy recommendations aimed at enhancing citizens’ readiness to embrace Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) for their day-to-day transactions. It advocates for the refinement of e-Naira features, mitigation of infrastructural deficiencies, and the strategic deployment of targeted influencer campaigns within communities to augment its adoption prospects among Nigerians.

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africa security and intelligence

Backgrounder: The Risk of Islamic Insurgency in Senegal: A Foreboding History

For almost fifteen years, terrorism has raged across the Western Sahel. Tens of thousands of lives have been lost, property has been destroyed, and thousands of individuals have been displaced. Yet throughout this time Senegal has been known as a beacon for stability, “untouched” by the violence afflicting its neighbors. Yet if the country has a reputation as a moderate political state that has avoided the region’s wave of extremism, this is smoke and mirrors. Senegal is not as stable as it appears. This analysis will reveal that embers of Islamic militancy smolder not only at the borders of the country but also within Senegal’s boundaries—risking explosion at any time.

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African Soldiers

RETHINKING PEACEKEEPING IN AFRICA

Rethinking Peacekeeping in Africa Sabrine Dao, Research Analyst, Security & Intelligence Policy Labsdao@africacfsp.org   Introduction For decades, peacekeeping operations have been combined global enterprises, aiming at providing security in time of transition and building conditions for lasting peace in countries and regions of the world torn apart by violent conflicts. The concept of a world

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Defense materials factory image

Africa’s Emerging Space and Satellite Programs Could be Key for Security and Defense – But May Pose Larger Strategic Risks

A renewed interest in space is felt in Africa, with several African countries deploying satellites since the continent’s first in 1998. Since then, African countries have used satellites for counterinsurgency or peacekeeping operations. This could benefit African countries dealing with insurgencies, but challenges for African space programs remain. Furthermore, many governments are looking to Russia and China for support, posing a geopolitical risk. This paper recommends that increased inter-African coordination in satellite-based defense applications should be prioritized, and that African governments should invest in space science education to improve Africa’s potential to develop its space industry.

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Militants in Northern Burkina Faso

Political Violence and Insecurity in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger: Understanding the Impact 

Terrorism, political violence, and insecurity in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger has resulted in political instability. The increased possibility of violence and refugee movement across borders threatens neighboring countries. This report examines how terrorism, organised crime, migration, great power competition, and the need to ‘save face’ impacts European countries’ response to terrorism and political instability in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger.

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A cell tower capable of producing 5G [Credit: Cesar Gonzalez]

Can 5G Restart Innovation in Kenya’s Technology Cities?

5G has tremendous potential for revolutionizing Kenya’s digital economy. One way that 5G could accomplish this is through modernizing tech cities. The Kenyan government has long envisioned creating cities that can attract big companies to create jobs locally. As 5G expands, there is renewed hope for tech cities. However, if the Kenyan government wants to maximize the power of 5G, it needs to focus on the local population, not tech cities.

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Ships in the Port of Kenya (Credit: Kenyan Ministry of East African Affairs)

A Path Towards Innovation: 5G and Technology Cities in Kenya

Kenya has always looked towards technology as a means to develop. In the past, Kenya has embraced the idea of technology hubs. Today, it is embracing 5G. Kenya quickly adopted 5G technology when it became available, a decision that mirrors Kenya’s traditional affinity for technological innovations. This piece will address the following question: How will Kenya’s technology landscape change as these two forces combine?

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Credit: Adobe Stock Images

The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Can Africa Hold a Place?

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has come with huge opportunities and challenges for the African continent. Given that the 4IR results in a complete societal shift, potential risks could lead to greater challenges. Proper awareness and understanding are vital as Africans increasingly embrace new technologies. Since African countries cannot afford to remain on the periphery of the international economic order, bridging education and skill gaps through the overhaul of African education systems is critical to helping Africa hold a meaningful place in the 4IR. Indeed, playing a fundamental role in this era is vital for Africa.

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COVID shots sign

Vaccine Apartheid: The Structural Racism of the Intellectual Property Rights Regime

This report argues that the current limitations on Covid-19 vaccine manufacturing as upheld by the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights are a codification of racist and exploitative political maneuvering. Far from a natural outcome of universally understood intellectual property law, the decision to limit access to vaccine development is a result of the pharmaceutical industry’s extensive influence. The harms of this intellectual property regime entrench structural racism not only within public health but also in the nonprofit sector.

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Streets of Bamako during the Malian 2020 Coup. [Credit: Mariama Diallo via VoA]

ECOWAS’ Response to Coups in West Africa, 2020-2021

West Africa is the most coup-prone region in Africa. As coups are associated with decreased economic growth, an increase in human rights abuses, and a lack of democracy, how ECOWAS has responded to recent coups is an important topic of study. This report thus examines ECOWAS’ responses to the 2020 Malian Coup, the 2021 Guinean Coup, and the 2021 military transition of power in Mali. This report further discusses the importance of preventative measures, measures such as ensuring good governance in member states and preventing state leaders from manipulating the constitution to remain in power.

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African refugees navigate resettlement systems in the United States

United States Refugee Resettlement during the COVID-19 Pandemic as it Relates to African Migration

African refugee migration to the United States traditionally represents the majority of the total amount of refugees that are both anticipated and ultimately resettled in the U.S. per annum. Therefore, when U.S. policies underwent sudden changes in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, African migration was affected the most. U.S. policies towards refugee migration to the U.S. had already endured a host of steady changes leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report looks to analyze these policy changes and determine the effects they had on the migrants.

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Exodus of Hutu refugees to Rwanda photo by Getty images

Conflict, Sovereignty, and Resource Control: Rethinking Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo-Rwanda Crisis

Conflict, Sovereignty, and Resource Control: Rethinking Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda Crisis Exodus of Hutu refugees to Rwanda photo by Getty images Author: Iniobong Inyang, Research Analyst, Foreign Policy and Diaspora Studies Lab   THE ISSUE The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) continues to face a complex crisis driven by foreign

Read More »
Source: Militant training: Sahara-Sahel, BBC.

BACKGROUNDER: The Expansion of Al-Qaeda in the Sahara-Sahel

BACKGROUNDER: The Expansion of Al-Qaeda in the Sahara-Sahel Source: Militant training: Sahara-Sahel, BBC. Author: Dr. Robin HardySenior Vice President of Global research and Policy Development, Africa Center for Strategy and Policy In little more than a decade, a number of terrorist attacks in the Sahara-Sahel are attributed to and/or associated with al-Qaeda such as:  al-Qaeda

Read More »
30th African Union Summit Addis Ababa, 29 January 2018

Exploring the potential political – economic impact of renewed global superpower rivalries on African countries and African regional institutions

The great powers’ competition for influence on the African continent is an undeniable geopolitical reality. By 2050, a quarter of the world’s population will be African, and the continent’s youthful and growing labor force—the largest in the world by that point—will stand in stark contrast to the aging populations of other regions. Human capital and natural resources will increasingly become the most important features of Africa’s global profile. As a result, a significant power struggle has emerged in the 21st century among the great powers, particularly the United States, China, and Russia, for influence across the African continent. This great power struggle for hegemony on the continent is focused on gaining access to Africa’s plethora of natural resources, growing population, key maritime routes, and vast investment market.

Read More »

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The Africa Center for Strategic Progress